Clocking Auger electrons
نویسندگان
چکیده
Intense X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) can rapidly excite matter, leaving it in inherently unstable states that decay on femtosecond timescales. As the relaxation occurs primarily via Auger emission, excited state observations are constrained by decay. In situ measurement of this process is therefore crucial, yet has thus far remained elusive at XFELs due to inherent timing and phase jitter, which be orders magnitude larger than timescale Here, we develop a new approach termed self-referenced attosecond streaking, based upon simultaneous measurements streaked photo- electrons. Our technique enables sub-femtosecond resolution spite jitter. We exploit method make first XFEL time-domain lifetime atomic neon, and, using fully quantum-mechanical description, retrieve $2.2^{ + 0.2}_{ - 0.3}$ fs for KLL channel. Importantly, our generalised permit extension time-resolved experiments all current future FEL facilities.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Nature Physics
سال: 2021
ISSN: ['1745-2473', '1745-2481']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-020-01111-0